FCC Blocks SpaceX and AST in Satellite Spectrum Clash

On April 23, 2026, SpaceX faced a significant regulatory setback when the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) dismissed its petition to access Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) spectrum for direct-to-device (D2D) connectivity. This decision underscores the growing tension between incumbent spectrum holders and new entrants seeking to expand satellite-to-phone services.

What Is at Stake

The FCC oversees communications across radio, television, wire, and cable, including emerging D2D technologies. These systems allow smartphones to connect directly to satellites, bypassing traditional cell towers. SpaceX, through its Starlink Mobile service (formerly Direct-to-Cell), has been working with T-Mobile to deliver messaging and broadband data. The service launched in July 2025, beginning with text messaging and expanding to broadband later that year (Teslarati).

Competitive Landscape

SpaceX is not alone in pursuing satellite-to-phone services. AT&T and Verizon have partnered with AST SpaceMobile, while Verizon also offers free satellite texting via Skylo on newer devices. The FCC’s March 2024 framework for Supplemental Coverage from Space allowed satellite operators to lease spectrum from terrestrial carriers, filling coverage gaps. In November 2024, SpaceX received the first authorization under this framework, enabling its partnership with T-Mobile. The company later acquired $17 billion worth of wireless spectrum from EchoStar, strengthening its global negotiating position (Teslarati).

The FCC’s Ruling

The FCC’s latest order reaffirmed exclusive rights for existing licensees like Globalstar and Iridium, rejecting SpaceX’s request to use the 1.6/2.4GHz bands. These frequencies are already tied to Globalstar’s services, including Apple iPhone emergency messaging. The Commission argued that allowing additional operators would create harmful interference, citing the ubiquity of mobile devices and omnidirectional antennas (PCMag).

SpaceX also sought access to 1.5/1.6GHz bands originally authorized for Ligado Networks, but the FCC dismissed this request as well. However, SpaceX did secure a partial win: the FCC denied AST SpaceMobile’s request to share 2.0/2.1GHz spectrum outside the U.S., which SpaceX is acquiring from EchoStar (MSN).

Implications for Industry

By upholding exclusive access for incumbents, the FCC reinforced stability for established providers while limiting opportunities for new entrants. This decision ensures operational certainty for Globalstar and Iridium but constrains SpaceX’s Starlink Mobile from expanding into those bands. Analysts suggest SpaceX may need to explore alternative frequencies or push for policy changes to remain competitive.

Meanwhile, SpaceX continues to target peak speeds of 150 Mbps per user for its next-generation Direct-to-Cell service, a dramatic leap from today’s 4 Mbps. If achieved, this would bring satellite connectivity closer to traditional carrier performance (Teslarati).

Broader Context: Military and Policy Dimensions

Spectrum disputes are unfolding alongside heightened military competition in orbit. The Pentagon’s Ghost Recon initiative aims to deploy affordable satellites capable of close-proximity inspections in geosynchronous orbit. At the same time, the U.S. Space Force has warned that China’s satellites are now integrated into strike chains targeting allied forces. This convergence of commercial and military interests highlights the strategic importance of spectrum allocation (MSN).

Looking Ahead

The FCC’s decision may push companies to innovate around underused frequencies or lobby for regulatory evolution. For SpaceX, each spectrum battle carries weight beyond connectivity, especially with reports of an upcoming IPO targeting a $1.75 trillion valuation. Whether through alternative partnerships, technological breakthroughs, or policy shifts, the trajectory of satellite-to-phone services will shape not only consumer connectivity but also the geopolitical balance in space.

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